![]() These coins were often the only way to let the subjects know who was in charge and to some extent, what he looked like. Most old coins of the Imperial era depict the reigning emperor on the obverse along with inscriptions identifying the ruler and his titles. ![]() – when the Senate created the title of Augustus (emperor) for Octavian, granting him full authority over the entire empire. The Roman Republican era ended and the Roman Empire began in 27 B.C. Shown here are a Marcus Aurelius silver Denarius (top) and a Trajan Decius silver Antoninianus. Most Roman Imperial coinage depicts the ruling emperor on the obverse. During the third century A.D., the silver Denarius was replaced by the "Double Denarius" now commonly known as the Antoninianus – which in turn was replaced during the 284-305 reign of Diocletian with such denominations as the silvered bronze Follis and the silver Siliqua (originally known as the Argenteus). These hand-struck old coins included the gold Aureus, silver Denarius, bronze Sestertius, bronze Dupondius, and copper As – which often depicted mythological figures on issues of the Roman Republic, and usually depicted reigning leaders on Roman Imperial coinage. ![]() Before long, hand-struck Roman coins of various compositions appeared, which were issued through the remainder of the Republican era and well into the third century A.D. These were cast bronze coins – introduced during the third century B.C. The history of ancient Roman coins begins with the first old coins of the Roman Republic (c. Hand-struck Roman Republic silver Denarii like these were produced between 154-41 B.C.
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